27 March 2023
Fiber laser

LASER WELDING: THE NEW TECHNOLOGICAL ERA OF THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

With the advancement of Industry 4.0, the automotive manufacturing industry is developing in the direction of automation and intelligence, requiring production manufacturers to improve product quality, to increase production efficiency, and to promote the upgrading of automotive manufacturing.

Traditional welding is fading out due to its precision limitation, subject to part deformation, and speed limitation, which is difficult to adapt to the development trend of modern automobile intelligent manufacturing. Laser welding has gradually replaced traditional welding with its advantages of high energy density, small part deformation, increased speed, and accurate and controllable trajectory. Therefore, automobile manufacturing industry is now the most popular and large-scale industry using laser welding for its production.

How This Technology Improves the Industry

Many advantages can be seen from using laser welding technologies for your production:

  • It improves production efficiency with high welding accuracy, quick, 3–5 times faster than traditional welding.
  • No post-processing required as the laser can perform small-scale localized precision welding, by making the product surface smooth and flat without post-processing.
  • Non-contact processing with low loss, as it has a very low impact on the wear and tear and deformation of the machine, thus maintaining the cost very low.
  • Finally, a wide range of welding applications, with a combination of different welding components, reducing the use of materials and helping reduce the car’s weight.

Different Types of Laser Welding Technics

Laser welding is widely used for automotive parts. Different welding processes are often applied to different body parts, the commonly used welding methods are mostly the ones below.

 

Laser Self-Fusion Welding

Laser self-fusion welding forms the weld seam by melting the base material with the laser, without adding a filler, such as welding wire in between, and can is applicable to stacking, sputtering, and filleting joints.

General high-strength steel is used for automobile coverings and general structural parts. Hot-formed high-strength steel is used for key parts of the body skeleton. The strength of hot-formed steel is several times stronger than ordinary steel, which can improve vehicle safety and reduce body weight.  Laser self-fusion welding is ideal to preserve the strength of these key parts.

Automotive A-pillar, B-pillar and D-pillar are made of thermoformed high-strength steel, which are then shaped using a hydroforming process. Due to the property of these parts, the overlapping welding and butt welding on joints can then only be performed from one side. Hence, these parts can benefit from the laser self-fusion welding flexibility.

 

 

Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding

Laser-arc composite welding is an emerging special laser processing technology. By combining laser and arc heat sources together, the two occur in a synergistic effect, with the strengths of the two heat sources to compensate for deficiencies, forming a low-cost, highly adaptable welding method.

The laser arc hybrid welding process is well adapted to the automobile chassis which is made of high-strength steel. Compared with ordinary laser welding, the pre-welding preparation time is reduced. As for the weld bridging ability, it is enhanced by using the hybrid technique when compared with the traditional arc welding only.  Therefore, by combining both welding technology, the beam utilization rate is increased, the line heat energy is reduced, and deformation of welded parts,  welding speed and the melt depth are increased.

 

 

Laser Flight Welding

Last but not least, robotic laser flight welding technology is a new laser welding technology using robot-controlled and galvanometer for scanning laser to perform the welding. Through close cooperation between the robot arm and the galvo scanner, there is zero contact with the workpiece during the welding process as the weld position is flexible. With professional graphics processing software, it is possible to perform 3D instantaneous multitrack welding.

In the automotive manufacturing industry, laser flight welding is mainly used for automotive seat panels, door structural parts, etc. Compared with ordinary laser processing, the positioning time of flight welding is greatly shortened. With the assistance of remote welding, galvanometer and manipulator, the laser ON time of laser beam is maximized, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

With fiber lasers for your production chain, you can maximize your productivity and get the performance levels you need. Power, stability, reliability and high level of precision—this is all you need to take your production to a new level. Don’t hesitate to ask one of our experts for more information about laser welding!

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